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Freshwater drum  (Aplodinotus grunniens)

General data

  • Main name: Freshwater drum
  • Habitat: Freshwater
  • Native: North America
  • Distribution: Mississippi River, Missouri River, St. Lawrence River, Hudson River, Colorado (Texas), Brazos, View all... Trinity (Texas), Delaware River, Savannah river, Atchafalaya, Neches River, Sabine River

Classification

  • Genus: Aplodinotus - Freshwater drums
  • Family: Sciaenidae - Drums
  • Order: Acanthuriformes - Surgeonfishes
  • Class: Teleostei - Ray-finned fishes
  • Superclass: Osteichthyes - Bony fishes

Description

The freshwater drum, Aplodinotus grunniens, is a fish endemic to North and Central America. It is the only species in the genus Aplodinotus, and is a member of the family Sciaenidae. It is the only North American member of the group that inhabits freshwater for its entire life. Its generic name, Aplodinotus, comes from Greek meaning single back, and the specific epithet, grunniens, comes from a Latin word meaning grunting. It is given to it because of the grunting noise that mature males make. This noise comes from a special set of muscles within the body cavity that vibrate against the swim bladder. The purpose of the grunting is unknown, but due to it being present in only mature males and during the spawning season, it is assumed to be linked to spawning. The drum typically weighs 5–15 lb (2.3–6.8 kg). The world record was caught on Nickajack Lake in Tennessee, and weighed in at 54 lb 8 oz (24.7 kg). The freshwater drum is gray or silvery in turbid waters and more bronze or brown colored in clearer waters. It is a deep bodied fish with a divided dorsal fin consisting of 10 spines and 29–32 rays. The freshwater drum is also called Russell fish, shepherds pie, gray bass, Gasper goo, Gaspergou, gou, grunt, grunter, grinder, gooble gobble, and croaker. It is commonly known as sheephead and sunfish in parts of Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Geographic distribution Freshwater drum are the only North American member of their family to exclusively inhabit freshwater (freshwater family members in genera Pachypops, Pachyurus, Petilipinnis and Plagioscion are from South America, while Boesemania is Asian). Their great distribution range goes as far north as the Hudson Bay, and reaches as far south as Guatemala. Their longitudinal distribution goes as far east as the eastern Appalachians and stretches as far west into Texas, Kansas, and Oklahoma. Freshwater drum are considered to be one of the most wide-ranging species in North America. St. Lawrence-Great Lakes, Hudson Bay and Mississippi River basins from Quebec to northern Manitoba and southern Saskatchewan in Canada and south to the Gulf; Gulf Coast drainages from Mobile Bay in Georgia and Alabama through east Mexico to Rio Usumacinta system in Guatemala.

Catches

Taxonomy of Fishes

  • Osteichthyes - Bony fishes->
    • Coelacanthi - Lobe-finned fishes->
    • Teleostei - Ray-finned fishes->
      • Perciformes - Perches->
      • Cypriniformes - Carps->
      • Esociformes - Pikes->
      • Salmoniformes - Salmons and Trouts->
      • Siluriformes - Catfishes->
      • Scorpaeniformes - Mail-cheeked fishes->
      • Gasterosteiformes - Sticklebacks->
      • Gadiformes - Cods->
      • Anguilliformes - Eels and morays->
      • Clupeiformes - Herrings->
      • Syngnathiformes - Pipefishes and Seahorses->
      • Gobiiformes - Gobies->
      • Mugiliformes - Mullets->
      • Carangiformes - Jacks->
      • Beloniformes - Needlefishes->
      • Labriformes - Wrasses->
      • Scombriformes - Mackerels->
      • Mulliformes - Goatfishes->
      • Pleuronectiformes - Flatfishes->
      • Aulopiformes - Grinners->
      • Blenniiformes - Blennies->
      • Cyprinodontiformes - Toothcarps->
      • Osmeriformes - Smelts->
      • Centrarchiformes - Basses and sunfishes->
      • Cichliformes - Cichlids->
      • Characiformes - Characins->
      • Osteoglossiformes - Bony tongues->
      • Elopiformes - Tarpons and tenpounders->
      • Anabantiformes - Gouramies and snakeheads->
      • Gymnotiformes - South American knifefish->
      • Istiophoriformes - Barracudas->
      • Albuliformes - Bonefishes->
      • Lepidogalaxiiformes - Salamanderfishes->
      • Lophiiformes - Anglerfishes->
      • Spariformes - Breams and porgies->
      • Trachiniformes - Weeverfishes->
      • Moroniformes - Temperate basses->
      • Acanthuriformes - Surgeonfishes->
        • Acanthuridae - Surgeonfishes->
        • Sciaenidae - Drums->
          • Nibea - Nibea->
          • Cynoscion - Weakfishes->
          • Aplodinotus - Freshwater drums->
            • Freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens)
          • Pogonias - Pogonias->
          • Sciaenops - Sciaenops->
          • Micropogonias - Micropogonias->
          • Menticirrhus - Kingcroakers->
          • Umbrina - Umbrina->
          • Argyrosomus - Meagre->
          • Leiostomus - Leiostomus->
          • Larimus - Larimus->
          • Sciaena - Sciaena->
          • Pseudotolithus - Pseudotolithus->
          • Genyonemus - Genyonemus->
          • Pennahia - Pennahia->
          • Pareques - Pareques->
          • Aspericorvina - Aspericorvina->
          • Atractoscion - Atractoscion->
          • Atrobucca - Atrobucca->
          • Austronibea - Austronibea->
          • Bahaba - Bahaba->
          • Bairdiella - Bairdiella->
          • Boesemania - Boesemania->
          • Cheilotrema - Cheilotrema->
          • Chrysochir - Chrysochir->
          • Cilus - Cilus->
          • Collichthys - Collichthys->
          • Corvula - Corvula->
          • Ctenosciaena - Ctenosciaena->
          • Daysciaena - Daysciaena->
          • Dendrophysa - Dendrophysa->
          • Elattarchus - Elattarchus->
          • Eques - Eques->
          • Equetus - Equetus->
          • Kathala - Kathala->
          • Isopisthus - Isopisthus->
          • Johnius - Johnius->
          • Larimichthys - Larimichthys->
          • Lonchurus - Lonchurus->
          • Macrodon - Macrodon->
          • Macrospinosa - Macrospinosa->
          • Megalonibea - Megalonibea->
          • Miichthys - Miichthys->
          • Miracorvina - Miracorvina->
          • Otolithes - Otolithes->
          • Otolithoides - Otolithoides->
          • Nebris - Nebris->
          • Odontoscion - Odontoscion->
          • Ophioscion - Ophioscion->
          • Pachypops - Pachypops->
          • Pachyurus - Pachyurus->
          • Panna - Panna->
          • Paralonchurus - Paralonchurus->
          • Paranebris - Paranebris->
          • Paranibea - Paranibea->
          • Pentheroscion - Pentheroscion->
          • Petilipinnis - Petilipinnis->
          • Plagioscion - Plagioscion->
          • Protonibea - Protonibea->
          • Protosciaena - Protosciaena->
          • Pseudolarimichthys - Pseudolarimichthys->
          • Pteroscion - Pteroscion->
          • Pterotolithus - Pterotolithus->
          • Robaloscion - Robaloscion->
          • Roncador - Roncador->
          • Seriphus - Seriphus->
          • Sonorolux - Sonorolux->
          • Stellifer - Stellifer->
          • Totoaba - Totoaba->
        • Pomacanthidae - Marine angelfish->
        • Ephippidae - Spadefishes->
        • Chaetodontidae - Butterflyfishes->
        • Siganidae - Rabbitfishes->
        • Scatophagidae - Scats->
        • Drepaneidae - Sicklefishes->
        • Antigoniidae - Deepbody boarfishes->
        • Caproidae - Boarfishes->
        • Emmelichthyidae - Rovers->
        • Leiognathidae - Slimys, slipmouths, or ponyfishes->
        • Luvaridae - Louvar->
        • Zanclidae - Moorish idol->
      • Zeiformes - Dories->
      • Tetraodontiformes - Puffers and filefishes->
      • Holocentriformes - Squirrelfishes->
      • Dactylopteriformes - Flying gurnards->
      • Lampriformes - Lamprids->
      • Galaxiiformes - Southern smelts->
      • Batrachoidiformes - Toadfishes->
      • Hiodontiformes - Mooneyes->
      • Percopsiformes - Trout-perches->
      • Callionymiformes - Dragonets->
      • Atheriniformes - Silversides->
      • Notacanthiformes - Spiny eels->
      • Saccopharyngiformes - Swallowers and Gulpers->
      • Alepocephaliformes - Slickheads and tubeshoulders->
      • Gonorynchiformes - Milkfishes->
      • Argentiniformes - Marine smelts->
      • Stomiiformes - Lightfishes and dragonfishes->
      • Ateleopodiformes - Jellynose fishes->
      • Myctophiformes - Lanternfishes->
      • Stylephoriformes - Tube-eyes->
      • Polymixiiformes - Beardfishes->
      • Beryciformes - Sawbellies->
      • Trachichthyiformes - Rughies->
      • Ophidiiformes - Cusk-eels->
      • Kurtiformes - Nurseryfishes & Cardinalfishes->
      • Synbranchiformes - Swamp eels->
      • Gobiesociformes - Clingfishes->
      • Acropomatiformes - Oceanic basses->
    • Cladistii - Bichirs->
    • Dipneusti - Lungfishes->
    • Chondrostei - Sturgeons->
    • Holostei - Gars and Bowfins->
  • Chondrichthyes - Cartilaginous fishes->
  • Agnatha - Jawless fishes->
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MessagesTimelineExceptionsViews178RouteQueries69Models353MailsGateSessionRequest
Request history8.2.28PHP Version277msRequest Duration4MBMemory UsageGET fish/{type}/{alias}Route
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      app/Http/Controllers/FishController.php:20-41
      69 statements were executed (23 duplicates)Show only duplicates162ms
      • DatabaseSessionHandler.php#97tmf690μsselect * from `sessions` where `id` = 'Ig8QssszIZUs3q5UxDKG8H5Ig4hSVAQmCAq3SXJQ' limit 1
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      • FishController.php#23tmf480μsselect * from `fish_names` where `locale` = 'en' and `main` = 1 and `fish_names`.`fish_id` in (1228)
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      • BuildsAdjacencyListQueries.php#27tmf780μswith recursive `laravel_cte` as ((select `fish`.*, -1 as `depth`, cast(`id` as char(65535)) as `path` from `fish` where `fish`.`id` in (1227)) union all (select `fish`.*, `depth` - 1 as `depth`, concat(`path`, '.', `fish`.`id`) from `fish` inner join `laravel_cte` on `laravel_cte`.`parent_id` = `fish`.`id`)) select * from `laravel_cte`
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      • FishController.php#23tmf660μsselect * from `fish_names` where `locale` = 'en' and `main` = 1 and `fish_names`.`fish_id` in (906, 908, 961, 1073, 1227)
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        • app/Http/Controllers/FishController.php:23
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      • BuildsAdjacencyListQueries.php#27tmf430μsselect * from `fish` where `fish`.`parent_id` in (1228)
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        • vendor/staudenmeir/laravel-adjacency-list/src/Eloquent/Traits/BuildsAdjacencyListQueries.php:27
        • app/Http/Controllers/FishController.php:23
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:47
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:266
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:212
      • FishController.php#23tmf27.99msselect * from (select *, row_number() over (partition by `tags`.`context_id` order by `created_at` desc) as `laravel_row` from `tags` where `type` = 'species' and `tags`.`context_id` in (1228)) as `laravel_table` where `laravel_row` <= 100 order by `laravel_row`
        Bindings
        • 0: species
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/FishController.php:23
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:47
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:212
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:808
      • BuildsAdjacencyListQueries.php#27tmf720μsselect * from `fish` where `type` = 'species' and `fish`.`id` in (1228)
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        • vendor/staudenmeir/laravel-adjacency-list/src/Eloquent/Traits/BuildsAdjacencyListQueries.php:27
        • app/Http/Controllers/FishController.php:23
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:47
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:266
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:212
      • FishController.php#23tmf520μsselect * from `fish_names` where `locale` = 'en' and `main` = 1 and `fish_names`.`fish_id` in (1228)
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        • 1: 1
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        • app/Http/Controllers/FishController.php:23
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:47
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:266
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:212
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      • BuildsAdjacencyListQueries.php#27tmf520μsselect * from `waters` where `waters`.`id` in (1228)
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        • 0: 1228
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        • vendor/staudenmeir/laravel-adjacency-list/src/Eloquent/Traits/BuildsAdjacencyListQueries.php:27
        • app/Http/Controllers/FishController.php:23
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:47
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:266
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:212
      • FishController.php#23tmf570μsselect * from `translations` where `lang` = 'en' and `translations`.`translatable_id` in (1228) and `translations`.`translatable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Water'
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        • app/Http/Controllers/FishController.php:23
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:47
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:266
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        • app/Http/Controllers/FishController.php:23
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      • BuildsAdjacencyListQueries.php#27tmf450μsselect * from `waters` where `waters`.`id` in (1228)
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        • vendor/staudenmeir/laravel-adjacency-list/src/Eloquent/Traits/BuildsAdjacencyListQueries.php:27
        • app/Http/Controllers/FishController.php:23
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:47
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:266
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:212
      • FishController.php#23tmf490μsselect * from `translations` where `lang` = 'en' and `translations`.`translatable_id` in (1228) and `translations`.`translatable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Water'
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        • 1: App\Models\Water
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        • app/Http/Controllers/FishController.php:23
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:47
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:266
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      • FishController.php#23tmf1.56msselect `continents`.*, `continent_fish`.`fish_id` as `pivot_fish_id`, `continent_fish`.`continent_id` as `pivot_continent_id` from `continents` inner join `continent_fish` on `continents`.`id` = `continent_fish`.`continent_id` where `continent_fish`.`fish_id` in (1228)
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/FishController.php:23
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:47
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      • FishController.php#23tmf610μsselect * from `translations` where `lang` = 'en' and `translations`.`translatable_id` in (4) and `translations`.`translatable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Continent'
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        • 0: en
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        • app/Http/Controllers/FishController.php:23
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:47
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:266
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:808
      • FishController.php#23tmf29.22msselect * from `tags` where `type` = 'species' and `tags`.`context_id` in (1228)
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        • 0: species
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/FishController.php:23
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:47
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:266
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:212
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:808
      • BuildsAdjacencyListQueries.php#27tmf720μsselect * from `fish` where `type` = 'species' and `fish`.`id` in (1228)
        Bindings
        • 0: species
        • 1: 1228
        Backtrace
        • vendor/staudenmeir/laravel-adjacency-list/src/Eloquent/Traits/BuildsAdjacencyListQueries.php:27
        • app/Http/Controllers/FishController.php:23
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:47
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:266
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:212
      • FishController.php#23tmf540μsselect * from `fish_names` where `locale` = 'en' and `main` = 1 and `fish_names`.`fish_id` in (1228)
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        • 0: en
        • 1: 1
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/FishController.php:23
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:47
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:266
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:212
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:808
      • BuildsAdjacencyListQueries.php#27tmf440μsselect * from `waters` where `waters`.`id` in (1228)
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        • 0: 1228
        Backtrace
        • vendor/staudenmeir/laravel-adjacency-list/src/Eloquent/Traits/BuildsAdjacencyListQueries.php:27
        • app/Http/Controllers/FishController.php:23
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:47
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:266
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:212
      • FishController.php#23tmf500μsselect * from `translations` where `lang` = 'en' and `translations`.`translatable_id` in (1228) and `translations`.`translatable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Water'
        Bindings
        • 0: en
        • 1: App\Models\Water
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/FishController.php:23
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:47
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:266
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:212
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:808
      • FishController.php#23tmf570μsselect * from `techniques` where `techniques`.`id` in (1228)
        Bindings
        • 0: 1228
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/FishController.php:23
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:47
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:266
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:212
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:808
      • BuildsAdjacencyListQueries.php#27tmf430μsselect * from `waters` where `waters`.`id` in (1228)
        Bindings
        • 0: 1228
        Backtrace
        • vendor/staudenmeir/laravel-adjacency-list/src/Eloquent/Traits/BuildsAdjacencyListQueries.php:27
        • app/Http/Controllers/FishController.php:23
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:47
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:266
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:212
      • FishController.php#23tmf450μsselect * from `translations` where `lang` = 'en' and `translations`.`translatable_id` in (1228) and `translations`.`translatable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Water'
        Bindings
        • 0: en
        • 1: App\Models\Water
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/FishController.php:23
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:47
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:266
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:212
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:808
      • BuildsAdjacencyListQueries.php#27tmf39.4msselect * from `fish` where `type` = 'superclass'
        Bindings
        • 0: superclass
        Backtrace
        • vendor/staudenmeir/laravel-adjacency-list/src/Eloquent/Traits/BuildsAdjacencyListQueries.php:27
        • app/Http/Controllers/FishController.php:28
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:47
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:266
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:212
      • FishController.php#28tmf640μsselect * from `fish_names` where `locale` = 'en' and `main` = 1 and `fish_names`.`fish_id` in (908, 909, 910)
        Bindings
        • 0: en
        • 1: 1
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/FishController.php:28
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:47
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:266
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:212
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:808
      • BuildsAdjacencyListQueries.php#27tmf510μsselect * from `fish` where `fish`.`parent_id` in (908, 909, 910)
        Backtrace
        • vendor/staudenmeir/laravel-adjacency-list/src/Eloquent/Traits/BuildsAdjacencyListQueries.php:27
        • app/Http/Controllers/FishController.php:28
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:47
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:266
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:212
      • FishController.php#28tmf550μsselect * from `fish_names` where `locale` = 'en' and `main` = 1 and `fish_names`.`fish_id` in (892, 897, 898, 904, 906, 1843, 1844, 1845, 2950, 2951)
        Bindings
        • 0: en
        • 1: 1
        Backtrace
        • app/Http/Controllers/FishController.php:28
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:47
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:266
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:212
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:808
      • single.blade.php#27tmf470μsselect * from `fish_names` where `fish_names`.`fish_id` = 1228 and `fish_names`.`fish_id` is not null and `locale` = 'en' and `main` = 0
        Bindings
        • 0: 1228
        • 1: en
        • 2: 0
        Backtrace
        • view::fish.single:27
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:209
      • single.blade.php#32tmf1.25msselect `climates`.*, `climate_fish`.`fish_id` as `pivot_fish_id`, `climate_fish`.`climate_id` as `pivot_climate_id` from `climates` inner join `climate_fish` on `climates`.`id` = `climate_fish`.`climate_id` where `climate_fish`.`fish_id` = 1228
        Bindings
        • 0: 1228
        Backtrace
        • view::fish.single:32
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:209
      • Fish.php#248tmf1.64msselect `continents`.*, `continent_fish`.`fish_id` as `pivot_fish_id`, `continent_fish`.`continent_id` as `pivot_continent_id` from `continents` inner join `continent_fish` on `continents`.`id` = `continent_fish`.`continent_id` where `continent_fish`.`fish_id` = 1228 and `native` = 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 1228
        • 1: 1
        Backtrace
        • app/Models/Fish.php:248
        • view::fish.single:40
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
      • Fish.php#248tmf550μsselect * from `translations` where `lang` = 'en' and `translations`.`translatable_id` in (4) and `translations`.`translatable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Continent'
        Bindings
        • 0: en
        • 1: App\Models\Continent
        Backtrace
        • app/Models/Fish.php:248
        • view::fish.single:40
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
      • Fish.php#248tmf1.69msselect `continents`.*, `continent_fish`.`fish_id` as `pivot_fish_id`, `continent_fish`.`continent_id` as `pivot_continent_id` from `continents` inner join `continent_fish` on `continents`.`id` = `continent_fish`.`continent_id` where `continent_fish`.`fish_id` = 1228 and `native` = 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 1228
        • 1: 1
        Backtrace
        • app/Models/Fish.php:248
        • view::fish.single:42
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
      • Fish.php#248tmf500μsselect * from `translations` where `lang` = 'en' and `translations`.`translatable_id` in (4) and `translations`.`translatable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Continent'
        Bindings
        • 0: en
        • 1: App\Models\Continent
        Backtrace
        • app/Models/Fish.php:248
        • view::fish.single:42
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
      • Fish.php#252tmf1.58msselect `continents`.*, `continent_fish`.`fish_id` as `pivot_fish_id`, `continent_fish`.`continent_id` as `pivot_continent_id` from `continents` inner join `continent_fish` on `continents`.`id` = `continent_fish`.`continent_id` where `continent_fish`.`fish_id` = 1228 and `native` = 0
        Bindings
        • 0: 1228
        • 1: 0
        Backtrace
        • app/Models/Fish.php:252
        • view::fish.single:48
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
      • BuildsAdjacencyListQueries.php#27tmf960μsselect `waters`.*, `water_fish`.`fish_id` as `pivot_fish_id`, `water_fish`.`water_id` as `pivot_water_id` from `waters` inner join `water_fish` on `waters`.`id` = `water_fish`.`water_id` where `water_fish`.`fish_id` = 1228 and `is_basin` = 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 1228
        • 1: 1
        Backtrace
        • vendor/staudenmeir/laravel-adjacency-list/src/Eloquent/Traits/BuildsAdjacencyListQueries.php:27
        • view::fish.single:57
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
      • single.blade.php#57tmf800μsselect * from `translations` where `lang` = 'en' and `translations`.`translatable_id` in (427, 428, 430, 462, 594, 595, 596, 725, 777, 872, 1207, 1210) and `translations`.`translatable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Water'
        Bindings
        • 0: en
        • 1: App\Models\Water
        Backtrace
        • view::fish.single:57
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:209
      • HasTags.php#23tmf20.24msselect count(*) as aggregate from `tags` where `tags`.`context_id` = 1228 and `tags`.`context_id` is not null and `type` = 'species'
        Bindings
        • 0: 1228
        • 1: species
        Backtrace
        • app/Traits/HasTags.php:23
        • view::elements.tabnav:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
      • gallery-item.blade.php#2tmf510μsselect * from `posts` where `posts`.`id` = 13502 limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 13502
        Backtrace
        • view::elements.gallery-item:2
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:209
      • gallery-item.blade.php#2tmf400μsselect * from `attachments` where `attachments`.`post_id` in (13502)
        Backtrace
        • view::elements.gallery-item:2
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:209
      • gallery-item.blade.php#4tmf430μsselect * from `attachments` where `attachments`.`post_id` = 13502 and `attachments`.`post_id` is not null limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 13502
        Backtrace
        • view::elements.gallery-item:4
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:209
      • gallery-item.blade.php#2tmf440μsselect * from `posts` where `posts`.`id` = 12338 limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 12338
        Backtrace
        • view::elements.gallery-item:2
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:209
      • gallery-item.blade.php#2tmf460μsselect * from `attachments` where `attachments`.`post_id` in (12338)
        Backtrace
        • view::elements.gallery-item:2
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:209
      • gallery-item.blade.php#4tmf480μsselect * from `attachments` where `attachments`.`post_id` = 12338 and `attachments`.`post_id` is not null limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 12338
        Backtrace
        • view::elements.gallery-item:4
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:209
      • gallery-item.blade.php#2tmf420μsselect * from `posts` where `posts`.`id` = 8113 limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 8113
        Backtrace
        • view::elements.gallery-item:2
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:209
      • gallery-item.blade.php#2tmf360μsselect * from `attachments` where `attachments`.`post_id` in (8113)
        Backtrace
        • view::elements.gallery-item:2
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:209
      • gallery-item.blade.php#4tmf490μsselect * from `attachments` where `attachments`.`post_id` = 8113 and `attachments`.`post_id` is not null limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 8113
        Backtrace
        • view::elements.gallery-item:4
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:209
      • gallery-item.blade.php#2tmf430μsselect * from `posts` where `posts`.`id` = 5981 limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 5981
        Backtrace
        • view::elements.gallery-item:2
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:209
      • gallery-item.blade.php#2tmf380μsselect * from `attachments` where `attachments`.`post_id` in (5981)
        Backtrace
        • view::elements.gallery-item:2
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:209
      • gallery-item.blade.php#4tmf380μsselect * from `attachments` where `attachments`.`post_id` = 5981 and `attachments`.`post_id` is not null limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 5981
        Backtrace
        • view::elements.gallery-item:4
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:209
      • gallery-item.blade.php#2tmf360μsselect * from `posts` where `posts`.`id` = 4956 limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 4956
        Backtrace
        • view::elements.gallery-item:2
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:209
      • gallery-item.blade.php#2tmf350μsselect * from `attachments` where `attachments`.`post_id` in (4956)
        Backtrace
        • view::elements.gallery-item:2
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:209
      • gallery-item.blade.php#4tmf390μsselect * from `attachments` where `attachments`.`post_id` = 4956 and `attachments`.`post_id` is not null limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 4956
        Backtrace
        • view::elements.gallery-item:4
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:209
      • gallery-item.blade.php#2tmf430μsselect * from `posts` where `posts`.`id` = 4955 limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 4955
        Backtrace
        • view::elements.gallery-item:2
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:209
      • gallery-item.blade.php#2tmf400μsselect * from `attachments` where `attachments`.`post_id` in (4955)
        Backtrace
        • view::elements.gallery-item:2
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:209
      • gallery-item.blade.php#4tmf490μsselect * from `attachments` where `attachments`.`post_id` = 4955 and `attachments`.`post_id` is not null limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 4955
        Backtrace
        • view::elements.gallery-item:4
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:209
      • gallery-item.blade.php#2tmf570μsselect * from `posts` where `posts`.`id` = 1733 limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 1733
        Backtrace
        • view::elements.gallery-item:2
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:209
      • gallery-item.blade.php#2tmf490μsselect * from `attachments` where `attachments`.`post_id` in (1733)
        Backtrace
        • view::elements.gallery-item:2
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:209
      • gallery-item.blade.php#4tmf470μsselect * from `attachments` where `attachments`.`post_id` = 1733 and `attachments`.`post_id` is not null limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 1733
        Backtrace
        • view::elements.gallery-item:4
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:209
      • BuildsAdjacencyListQueries.php#27tmf880μsselect * from `fish` where `fish`.`parent_id` = 906 and `fish`.`parent_id` is not null
        Bindings
        • 0: 906
        Backtrace
        • vendor/staudenmeir/laravel-adjacency-list/src/Eloquent/Traits/BuildsAdjacencyListQueries.php:27
        • view::fish.children:5
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
      • children.blade.php#5tmf1.3msselect * from `fish_names` where `locale` = 'en' and `main` = 1 and `fish_names`.`fish_id` in (1, 25, 51, 58, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 191, 202, 233, 272, 301, 305, 311, 348, 369, 381, 413, 431, 521, 537, 555, 571, 582, 586, 622, 627, 676, 697, 701, 705, 707, 711, 712, 961, 980, 1009, 1019, 1037, 1095, 1189, 1311, 1410, 1420, 1744, 1799, 1855, 1859, 1863, 1867, 1874, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1887, 1891, 1895, 1899, 1905, 1911, 1920, 1927, 1931)
        Bindings
        • 0: en
        • 1: 1
        Backtrace
        • view::fish.children:5
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:209
      • BuildsAdjacencyListQueries.php#27tmf630μsselect * from `fish` where `fish`.`parent_id` = 961 and `fish`.`parent_id` is not null
        Bindings
        • 0: 961
        Backtrace
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        Backtrace
        • vendor/staudenmeir/laravel-adjacency-list/src/Eloquent/Traits/BuildsAdjacencyListQueries.php:27
        • view::fish.children:5
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:209
      • BuildsAdjacencyListQueries.php#27tmf470μsselect * from `fish` where `fish`.`parent_id` = 1227 and `fish`.`parent_id` is not null
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        Backtrace
        • vendor/staudenmeir/laravel-adjacency-list/src/Eloquent/Traits/BuildsAdjacencyListQueries.php:27
        • view::fish.children:5
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
      • children.blade.php#5tmf420μsselect * from `fish_names` where `locale` = 'en' and `main` = 1 and `fish_names`.`fish_id` in (1228)
        Bindings
        • 0: en
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        Backtrace
        • view::fish.children:5
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:209
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/DatabaseSessionHandler.php:158
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/DatabaseSessionHandler.php:142
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php:175
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      App\Models\Fish
      171Fish.php#?
      App\Models\FishName
      106FishName.php#?
      App\Models\Translation
      19Translation.php#?
      App\Models\Attachment
      17Attachment.php#?
      App\Models\Water
      16Water.php#?
      App\Models\Tag
      14Tag.php#?
      App\Models\Post
      7Post.php#?
      App\Models\Continent
      3Continent.php#?
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