Northern whitefish (Coregonus peled)

General data

Main name: Northern whitefish
Local names: Peled
Climates: Continental, Subpolar, Mountain
Habitat: Freshwater
Native: Europe, Asia
Distribution: Yenisey, Yana, Lena, Indigirka, Kolyma , River Ob, View all... Mezen, Northern Dvina

Classification

Genus: Coregonus - Whitefishes
Family: Salmonidae - Salmons and Trouts
Order: Salmoniformes - Salmons and Trouts
Class: Teleostei - Ray-finned fishes
Superclass: Osteichthyes - Bony fishes

Description

The peled (Coregonus peled), also called the northern whitefish, is a species of freshwater whitefish in the family Salmonidae. It is found in northern Europe and Asia. Description Smaller peled much resemble slim vendace or whitefish but as they grow larger they develop a deeper body which becomes less tapered and more blocky. The jaws are of equal length which is in contrast to the whitefish which has a snout longer than its lower jaw, and the vendace which has a projecting lower jaw. Another distinction is that the first gill arch has 50–65 gill rakers, a larger number than either of the other species. This fish grows to a length of about 45 cm (18 in) and a maximum weight of 1.5 kg (3 lb). It has a dark back, silvery flanks and white belly.[3] Distribution and habitat The peled is native to lakes and rivers of northern Russia. Its range extends from the Mezen River system emptying into the White Sea on west to the Kolyma River basin in eastern Siberia. It is a fish of rivers, reservoirs and lakes and it is possible that more than one species exist under the common name as there is considerable variation in growth rate, spawning date and other factors across its range. Biology The peled mostly eats zooplankton, but also consumes bottom-dwelling invertebrates, fish fry, algae and floating insects. Fish mostly become mature when about three years old and can live to about twelve years old. They spawn in autumn and winter over hard sand at the edges of lakes, and over sand, gravel and pebbles in rivers. In northern rivers this may be under ice at depths down to about 3 m (10 ft).

Taxonomy of Fishes

Osteichthyes - Bony fishes->
- Coelacanthi - Lobe-finned fishes->
- Teleostei - Ray-finned fishes->
  - Perciformes - Perches->
  - Cypriniformes - Carps->
  - Esociformes - Pikes->
  - Salmoniformes - Salmons and Trouts->
    
    Salmonidae - Salmons and Trouts->
    
    Salmo - Atlantic Salmons and Trouts->
    
    Hucho - Huchens->
    
    Salvelinus - Chars->
    
    Oncorhynchus - Pacific Salmons and Trouts->
    
    Thymallus - Graylings->
    
    Coregonus - Whitefishes->
    
    Common whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus)
    
    Vendace (Coregonus albula)
    
    Baikal omul (Coregonus migratorius)
    
    Bodensee whitefish (Coregonus wartmanni)
    
    Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis)
    
    Alpine whitefish (Coregonus alpinus)
    
    Northern whitefish (Coregonus peled)
    
    Irish pollan (Coregonus pollan)
    
    Humpback whitefish (Coregonus pidschian)
    
    Arctic cisco (Coregonus autumnalis)
    
    Broad whitefish (Coregonus nasus)
    
    Sardine cisco (Coregonus sardinella)
    
    Maraena Whitefish (Coregonus maraena)
    
    Coregonus albellus (Coregonus albellus)
    
    Longjaw cisco (Coregonus alpenae)
    
    Coregonus anaulorum (Coregonus anaulorum)
    
    Coregonus arenicolus (Coregonus arenicolus)
    
    Cisco (Coregonus artedi)
    
    Coregonus atterensis (Coregonus atterensis)
    
    Coregonus austriacus (Coregonus austriacus)
    
    Coregonus baerii (Coregonus baerii)
    
    Coregonus baicalensis (Coregonus baicalensis)
    
    Coregonus baunti (Coregonus baunti)
    
    Coregonus bavaricus (Coregonus bavaricus)
    
    Coregonus bezola (Coregonus bezola)
    
    Coregonus candidus (Coregonus candidus)
    
    Khadary-whitefish (Coregonus chadary)
    
    Powan (Coregonus clupeoides)
    
    Coregonus confusus (Coregonus confusus)
    
    Coregonus danneri (Coregonus danneri)
    
    Coregonus duplex (Coregonus duplex)
    
    Coregonus fatioi (Coregonus fatioi)
    
    Coregonus fera (Coregonus fera)
    
    Coregonus fontanae (Coregonus fontanae)
    
    Coregonus gutturosus (Coregonus gutturosus)
    
    Coregonus heglingus (Coregonus heglingus)
    
    Coregonus hiemalis (Coregonus hiemalis)
    
    Coregonus hoferi (Coregonus hoferi)
    
    Coregonus holsatus (Coregonus holsatus)
    
    Bloater (Coregonus hoyi)
    
    Atlantic whitefish (Coregonus huntsmani)
    
    Deepwater cisco (Coregonus johannae)
    
    Coregonus kiletz (Coregonus kiletz)
    
    Kiyi (Coregonus kiyi)
    
    Coregonus ladogae (Coregonus ladogae)
    
    Bering cisco (Coregonus laurettae)
    
    Coregonus lucinensis (Coregonus lucinensis)
    
    Coregonus lutokka (Coregonus lutokka)
    
    Gangfisch (Coregonus macrophthalmus)
    
    Peipsi whitefish (Coregonus maraenoides)
    
    Coregonus maxillaris (Coregonus maxillaris)
    
    Lacustrine fluvial whitefish (Coregonus megalops)
    
    Muksun (Coregonus muksun)
    
    Alaska whitefish (Coregonus nelsonii)
    
    Blackfin cisco (Coregonus nigripinnis)
    
    Coregonus nilssoni (Coregonus nilssoni)
    
    Coregonus nipigon (Coregonus nipigon)
    
    Coregonus nobilis (Coregonus nobilis)
    
    Houting (Coregonus oxyrinchus)
    
    Coregonus palaea (Coregonus palaea)
    
    Coregonus pallasii (Coregonus pallasii)
    
    Gwyniad (Coregonus pennantii)
    
    Coregonus pravdinellus (Coregonus pravdinellus)
    
    Shortnose cisco (Coregonus reighardi)
    
    Coregonus renke (Coregonus renke)
    
    Coregonus restrictus (Coregonus restrictus)
    
    Schelly (Coregonus stigmaticus)
    
    Coregonus subautumnalis (Coregonus subautumnalis)
    
    Coregonus suidteri (Coregonus suidteri)
    
    Coregonus trybomi (Coregonus trybomi)
    
    Tugun (Coregonus tugun)
    
    Amur whitefish (Coregonus ussuriensis)
    
    Coregonus vandesius (Coregonus vandesius)
    
    Coregonus vessicus (Coregonus vessicus)
    
    Valaam whitefish (Coregonus widegreni)
    
    Shortjaw cisco (Coregonus zenithicus)
    
    Coregonus zuerichensis (Coregonus zuerichensis)
    
    Coregonus zugensis (Coregonus zugensis)
    
    Prosopium - North American whitefishes->
    
    Parahucho - Sakhalin taimen->
    
    Brachymystax - Lenoks->
    
    Stenodus - Nelma whitefish->
    
    Salvethymus - Salvethymus->
  - Siluriformes - Catfishes->
  - Scorpaeniformes - Mail-cheeked fishes->
  - Gasterosteiformes - Sticklebacks->
  - Gadiformes - Cods->
  - Anguilliformes - Eels and morays->
  - Clupeiformes - Herrings->
  - Syngnathiformes - Pipefishes and Seahorses->
  - Gobiiformes - Gobies->
  - Mugiliformes - Mullets->
  - Carangiformes - Jacks->
  - Beloniformes - Needlefishes->
  - Labriformes - Wrasses->
  - Scombriformes - Mackerels->
  - Mulliformes - Goatfishes->
  - Pleuronectiformes - Flatfishes->
  - Aulopiformes - Grinners->
  - Blenniiformes - Blennies->
  - Cyprinodontiformes - Toothcarps->
  - Osmeriformes - Smelts->
  - Centrarchiformes - Basses and sunfishes->
  - Cichliformes - Cichlids->
  - Characiformes - Characins->
  - Osteoglossiformes - Bony tongues->
  - Elopiformes - Tarpons and tenpounders->
  - Anabantiformes - Gouramies and snakeheads->
  - Gymnotiformes - South American knifefish->
  - Istiophoriformes - Barracudas->
  - Albuliformes - Bonefishes->
  - Lepidogalaxiiformes - Salamanderfishes->
  - Lophiiformes - Anglerfishes->
  - Spariformes - Breams and porgies->
  - Trachiniformes - Weeverfishes->
  - Moroniformes - Temperate basses->
  - Acanthuriformes - Surgeonfishes->
  - Zeiformes - Dories->
  - Tetraodontiformes - Puffers and filefishes->
  - Holocentriformes - Squirrelfishes->
  - Dactylopteriformes - Flying gurnards->
  - Lampriformes - Lamprids->
  - Galaxiiformes - Southern smelts->
  - Batrachoidiformes - Toadfishes->
  - Hiodontiformes - Mooneyes->
  - Percopsiformes - Trout-perches->
  - Callionymiformes - Dragonets->
  - Atheriniformes - Silversides->
  - Notacanthiformes - Spiny eels->
  - Saccopharyngiformes - Swallowers and Gulpers->
  - Alepocephaliformes - Slickheads and tubeshoulders->
  - Gonorynchiformes - Milkfishes->
  - Argentiniformes - Marine smelts->
  - Stomiiformes - Lightfishes and dragonfishes->
  - Ateleopodiformes - Jellynose fishes->
  - Myctophiformes - Lanternfishes->
  - Stylephoriformes - Tube-eyes->
  - Polymixiiformes - Beardfishes->
  - Beryciformes - Sawbellies->
  - Trachichthyiformes - Rughies->
  - Ophidiiformes - Cusk-eels->
  - Kurtiformes - Nurseryfishes & Cardinalfishes->
  - Synbranchiformes - Swamp eels->
  - Gobiesociformes - Clingfishes->
  - Acropomatiformes - Oceanic basses->
- Cladistii - Bichirs->
- Dipneusti - Lungfishes->
- Chondrostei - Sturgeons->
- Holostei - Gars and Bowfins->
Chondrichthyes - Cartilaginous fishes->
Agnatha - Jawless fishes->