Spiny butterfly ray  (Gymnura altavela)

Taxonomy of Fishes

• Osteichthyes - Bony fishes->
• Chondrichthyes - Cartilaginous fishes->

  • Elasmobranchii - Sharks and Rays->

    • Lamniformes - Mackerel sharks->
    • Carcharhiniformes - Ground sharks->
    • Rhinopristiformes - Shovelnose rays->
    • Torpediniformes - Electric rays->
    • Rajiformes - Skates and rays->
    • Orectolobiformes - Carpet shark->
    • Squatiniformes - Angelsharks->
    • Heterodontiformes - Bullhead and horn sharks->
    • Hexanchiformes - Six-gill sharks->
    • Myliobatiformes - Stingrays->

      • Dasyatidae - Stingrays->
      • Mobulidae - Manta rays->
      • Potamotrygonidae - Southamerican freshwater stingrays->
      • Gymnuridae - Butterfly rays->

        • Gymnura - Gymnura->

          • California butterfly ray (Gymnura marmorata)
          • Gymnura afuerae (Gymnura afuerae)
          • Spiny butterfly ray (Gymnura altavela)
          • Australian butterfly ray (Gymnura australis)
          • Twin-spot butterfly ray (Gymnura bimaculata)
          • Longsnout butterfly ray (Gymnura crebripunctata)
          • Gymnura crooki (Gymnura crooki)
          • Madeira butterfly ray (Gymnura hirundo)
          • Japanese butterflyray (Gymnura japonica)
          • Gymnura lessae (Gymnura lessae)
          • Smooth butterfly ray (Gymnura micrura)
          • Butterfly ray (Gymnura natalensis)
          • Long-tailed butterfly ray (Gymnura poecilura)
          • Gymnura sereti (Gymnura sereti)
          • Tentacled butterfly ray (Gymnura tentaculata)
          • Zonetail butterfly ray (Gymnura zonura)
      • Myliobatidae - Eagle ray->
      • Urotrygonidae - American round stingrays->
      • Aetobatidae - Pacific eagle rays->
      • Hexatrygonidae - Sixgill stingrays->
      • Plesiobatidae - Deepwater stingrays->
      • Rhinopteridae - Cownose rays->
      • Urolophidae - Round rays->
      • Zanobatidae - Panrays->
    • Squaliformes - Sleeper and dogfish sharks->
    • Echinorhiniformes - Bramble sharks->
    • Pristiophoriformes - Saw sharks->
  • Holocephali - Chimaeras->
• Agnatha - Jawless fishes->