Silver butter catfish (Schilbe intermedius)

General data

Main name: Silver butter catfish
Local names: Silver catfish
Climates: Tropical
Habitat: Freshwater
Native: Africa
Distribution: Nile, Congo River, Zambezi, Niger, Lake Victoria, Volta River, View all... Lake Chad, Senegal, Geba, Sanaga River, Gambia River, Lake Rukwa

Classification

Genus: Schilbe - Schilbid catfishes
Family: Schilbeidae - Schilbid catfishes
Order: Siluriformes - Catfishes
Class: Teleostei - Ray-finned fishes
Superclass: Osteichthyes - Bony fishes

Description

Schilbe intermedius or the silver butter catfish is a widespread species of African catfish. It seems closely related to Schilbe uranoscopus and these two species are sympatric over part of their ranges. Widespread in sub-Saharan Africa from the Senegal River across to Somalia and south as far as the Pongola River in South Africa. Schilbe intermedius is a potamodromous catfish. It is reported to be a pelagic species which occurs mainly in shallow waters and open waters of lakes, it migrates to the surface at night. Generally found in the lower reaches of river systems. It feeds on a fish, either swallowed whole or in pieces and a wide range of invertebrates including terrestrial insects. It is mainly piscivorous once it reaches 13–34 cm in length. Schilbe intermedius rarely grows to lengths greater than 30 cm. It breeds throughout the year peaking in the rainy season when it migrates into rivers in fairly compact schools to spawn in floodwater pools. In one study the most common prey item was redeye barb, a cyprinid, which made up 29% of all identifiable fish species sampled from the catfishes stomachs. Description There are two populations of the species one with and one without an adipose fin. The population lacking an adipose fin are from the north and west of Africa while the populations with an adipose fin are from the central, east and south of Africa. Quite distinctive with a large shovel mouth surrounded by 4-6 nasal barbs and the eyes slightly protrude from head. The anal fin is long, extending from vent almost to the caudal fin. It has four pairs of short, barbels around the mouth. The ground colour is silvery, brownish to olive on the back and upper parts of the head. There are two dark grey to olive bands, the longest running along the lateral line from the upper gill cover to the caudal peduncle, where this band starts on the upper gill cover there is a dark humeral spot. The second shorter band runs from the beginning of the pectoral fins to the end of the anal fin. The fins are transparent, although the anal fin has a dark band near the body and there is a dark streak which runs into each lobe of the deeply forked caudal fin.

Taxonomy of Fishes

Osteichthyes - Bony fishes->
- Coelacanthi - Lobe-finned fishes->
- Teleostei - Ray-finned fishes->
  - Perciformes - Perches->
  - Cypriniformes - Carps->
  - Esociformes - Pikes->
  - Salmoniformes - Salmons and Trouts->
  - Siluriformes - Catfishes->
    
    Siluridae - Eurasian catfishes->
    
    Ictaluridae - North American freshwater catfishes->
    
    Pimelodidae - Long-whiskered catfishes->
    
    Pangasiidae - Shark catfishes->
    
    Astroblepidae - Naked sucker-mouth catfishes->
    
    Clariidae - Airbreathing catfishes->
    
    Ariidae - Sea catfishes->
    
    Plotosidae - Eeltail catfishes->
    
    Doradidae - Thorny catfishes->
    
    Auchenipteridae - Driftwood catfishes->
    
    Bagridae - Naked catfishes->
    
    Callichthyidae - Armored catfishes->
    
    Sisoridae - Asian adhesive catfishes->
    
    Malapteruridae - Electric catfishes->
    
    Schilbeidae - Schilbid catfishes->
    
    Schilbe - Schilbid catfishes->
    
    Silver butter catfish (Schilbe intermedius)
    
    Schilbe angolensis (Schilbe angolensis)
    
    Golden barbel (Schilbe banguelensis)
    
    Schilbe bocagii (Schilbe bocagii)
    
    Schilbe brevianalis (Schilbe brevianalis)
    
    Schilbe congensis (Schilbe congensis)
    
    Schilbe djeremi (Schilbe djeremi)
    
    Schilbe durinii (Schilbe durinii)
    
    Schilbe grenfelli (Schilbe grenfelli)
    
    Schilbe laticeps (Schilbe laticeps)
    
    Schilbe mandibularis (Schilbe mandibularis)
    
    Shoulderspot catfish (Schilbe marmoratus)
    
    Schilbe micropogon (Schilbe micropogon)
    
    Schilbe moebiusii (Schilbe moebiusii)
    
    Schilbe multitaeniatus (Schilbe multitaeniatus)
    
    African butter catfish (Schilbe mystus)
    
    Schilbe nyongensis (Schilbe nyongensis)
    
    Schilbe tumbanus (Schilbe tumbanus)
    
    Schilbe uranoscopus (Schilbe uranoscopus)
    
    Yangambi butterbarbel (Schilbe yangambianus)
    
    Schilbe zairensis (Schilbe zairensis)
    
    Eutropiichthys - Eutropiichthys->
    
    Irvineia - Irvineia->
    
    Parailia - Parailia->
    
    Pachypterus - Pachypterus->
    
    Pareutropius - Pareutropius->
    
    Platytropius - Platytropius->
    
    Silonia - Silonia->
    
    Siluranodon - Siluranodon->
    
    Loricariidae - Armoured suckermouth catfishes->
    
    Heptapteridae - Three-barbeled catfishes->
    
    Ailiidae - Asian schilbeids->
    
    Akysidae - Stream catfishes->
    
    Amblycipitidae - Torrent catfishes->
    
    Amphiliidae - Loach catfishes->
    
    Anchariidae - Vaonas->
    
    Aspredinidae - Banjo catfishes->
    
    Austroglanididae - Austroglanids->
    
    Cetopsidae - Whale catfishes->
    
    Chacidae - Squarehead or angler catfish->
    
    Claroteidae - Claroteid catfishes->
    
    Cranoglanididae - Armorhead catfishes->
    
    Diplomystidae - Velvet catfishes->
    
    Erethistidae - South Asian river catfishes->
    
    Heteropneustidae - Airsac catfishes->
    
    Horabagridae - Imperial catfishes->
    
    Kryptoglanidae - Indian cave catfishes->
    
    Lacantuniidae - Chiapas catfishes->
    
    Mochokidae - Squeakers or upside-down catfishes->
    
    Nematogenyidae - Mountain catfishes->
    
    Olyridae - Longtail catfishes->
    
    Parakysidae - Parakysid catfishes->
    
    Phreatobiidae - Cistern catfishes->
    
    Pseudopimelodidae - Bumblebee catfishes, dwarf marbled catfishes->
    
    Scoloplacidae - Spiny dwarf catfishes->
    
    Trichomycteridae - Pencil or parasitic catfishes->
  - Scorpaeniformes - Mail-cheeked fishes->
  - Gasterosteiformes - Sticklebacks->
  - Gadiformes - Cods->
  - Anguilliformes - Eels and morays->
  - Clupeiformes - Herrings->
  - Syngnathiformes - Pipefishes and Seahorses->
  - Gobiiformes - Gobies->
  - Mugiliformes - Mullets->
  - Carangiformes - Jacks->
  - Beloniformes - Needlefishes->
  - Labriformes - Wrasses->
  - Scombriformes - Mackerels->
  - Mulliformes - Goatfishes->
  - Pleuronectiformes - Flatfishes->
  - Aulopiformes - Grinners->
  - Blenniiformes - Blennies->
  - Cyprinodontiformes - Toothcarps->
  - Osmeriformes - Smelts->
  - Centrarchiformes - Basses and sunfishes->
  - Cichliformes - Cichlids->
  - Characiformes - Characins->
  - Osteoglossiformes - Bony tongues->
  - Elopiformes - Tarpons and tenpounders->
  - Anabantiformes - Gouramies and snakeheads->
  - Gymnotiformes - South American knifefish->
  - Istiophoriformes - Barracudas->
  - Albuliformes - Bonefishes->
  - Lepidogalaxiiformes - Salamanderfishes->
  - Lophiiformes - Anglerfishes->
  - Spariformes - Breams and porgies->
  - Trachiniformes - Weeverfishes->
  - Moroniformes - Temperate basses->
  - Acanthuriformes - Surgeonfishes->
  - Zeiformes - Dories->
  - Tetraodontiformes - Puffers and filefishes->
  - Holocentriformes - Squirrelfishes->
  - Dactylopteriformes - Flying gurnards->
  - Lampriformes - Lamprids->
  - Galaxiiformes - Southern smelts->
  - Batrachoidiformes - Toadfishes->
  - Hiodontiformes - Mooneyes->
  - Percopsiformes - Trout-perches->
  - Callionymiformes - Dragonets->
  - Atheriniformes - Silversides->
  - Notacanthiformes - Spiny eels->
  - Saccopharyngiformes - Swallowers and Gulpers->
  - Alepocephaliformes - Slickheads and tubeshoulders->
  - Gonorynchiformes - Milkfishes->
  - Argentiniformes - Marine smelts->
  - Stomiiformes - Lightfishes and dragonfishes->
  - Ateleopodiformes - Jellynose fishes->
  - Myctophiformes - Lanternfishes->
  - Stylephoriformes - Tube-eyes->
  - Polymixiiformes - Beardfishes->
  - Beryciformes - Sawbellies->
  - Trachichthyiformes - Rughies->
  - Ophidiiformes - Cusk-eels->
  - Kurtiformes - Nurseryfishes & Cardinalfishes->
  - Synbranchiformes - Swamp eels->
  - Gobiesociformes - Clingfishes->
  - Acropomatiformes - Oceanic basses->
- Cladistii - Bichirs->
- Dipneusti - Lungfishes->
- Chondrostei - Sturgeons->
- Holostei - Gars and Bowfins->
Chondrichthyes - Cartilaginous fishes->
Agnatha - Jawless fishes->