Pacific staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus)
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General data

Main name: Pacific staghorn sculpin
Climates: Temperate, Subpolar
Habitat: Amfidromous
Native: Asia, North America
Distribution: Pacific Ocean, Bering Sea, Gulf of California, Gulf of Alaska

Classification

Genus: Leptocottus - Leptocottus
Family: Cottidae - Cottids
Order: Scorpaeniformes - Mail-cheeked fishes
Class: Teleostei - Ray-finned fishes
Superclass: Osteichthyes - Bony fishes

Description

The Pacific staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus) is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This species is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean. It is the only species in the monospecific genus Lepidocottus. Pacific staghorn sculpins are slender fish, with a wide, large, highly flattened head with a body which tapers towards the tail. Its overall color is grayish-olive on the upper body, there a few yellow tints and it fades to creamy yellow on the underside. They are reported to be able to change their color to camouflage them. The anal and pelvic fins are lighter and the caudal fin is dusky with 1 or 2 light-colored bars. The dorsal fins are continuous with the first dorsal fin being marked with black spots close to the tips of the rearmost 3 spines and a white band long its base, while the second dorsal fin is dusky with a number of diagonal white to yellowish bands. The pectoral fins are yellow marked with 5 or 6 dark green bars. The large eyes are placed on the top of the head and they have a large wide mouth containg many small teeth. The preoperculum has a large spine that ends in three or four sharp, recurved spinules. The dorsal fins are supported by between 6 and 8 spines and between 15 and 20 soft rays while the anal fin has 14 to 20 rays. The caudal fin is rounded. They lack any scales and the lateral line is straight. This species reaches a maximum total length of 46 cm (18 in) but 35 cm (14 in) is more typical. The Pacific staghorn sculpin is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean along the western coast of North America from the Izembek Lagoon, on the southeastern Bering Sea coast of Alaska south as far as San Quintín, Baja California. These sculpins are commonly found near the shore, particularly in bays and estuaries; most often on sandy substrates. As adults they are found in sheltered marine estuaries while the juveniles are found in freshwater streams and upper estuarine environments. The Pacific staghorn sculpin is a largely marine fish that spends the majority of its life in saline and brackish waters but they can adapt to both fresh and hypers saline waters. The larval stage starts in estuarine environments, being found over soft and sandy substrates. The juveniles leave the estuary, many ascending the rivers into fresh water and most of the fish recorded in freshwater or less saline habitats are young juveniles. These feed on amphipods, invertebrates, small fish, and aquatic insect larvae. The older fishes tend to be found further upstream than the young fish which move into the rivers from marine or estuary environments. Fish living in the sea may move in and out with the tide and prey on crabs, shrimp and other fish. Feeding is mainly nocturnal but they will forage at any time of the day. Spawning takes place in salt or brackish water between October and April, although in California they spawn in January and February. Each female lays between 2 and 10 thousand eggs and following spawning adults rapidly leave for deeper waters. The eggs take 10 days to hatch into larvae. They can breathe air when out of the water. They will bury themselves in sandy substrates.

Catches

Taxonomy of Fishes

Osteichthyes - Bony fishes->
- Coelacanthi - Lobe-finned fishes->
- Teleostei - Ray-finned fishes->
  - Perciformes - Perches->
  - Cypriniformes - Carps->
  - Esociformes - Pikes->
  - Salmoniformes - Salmons and Trouts->
  - Siluriformes - Catfishes->
  - Scorpaeniformes - Mail-cheeked fishes->
    
    Cottidae - Cottids->
    
    Cottus - Bullheads->
    
    Myoxocephalus - Musclehead sculpins->
    
    Enophrys - Enophrys->
    
    Batrachocottus - Baikal sculpins->
    
    Taurulus - Taurulus->
    
    Leptocottus - Leptocottus->
    
    Pacific staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus)
    
    Hemilepidotus - Hemilepidotus->
    
    Oligocottus - Oligocottus->
    
    Abyssocottus - Abyssocottus->
    
    Alcichthys - Alcichthys->
    
    Andriashevicottus - Andriashevicottus->
    
    Antipodocottus - Antipodocottus->
    
    Archistes - Archistes->
    
    Argyrocottus - Argyrocottus->
    
    Artediellichthys - Artediellichthys->
    
    Artediellina - Artediellina->
    
    Artedielloides - Artedielloides->
    
    Artediellus - Artediellus->
    
    Artedius - Artedius->
    
    Ascelichthys - Ascelichthys->
    
    Asemichthys - Asemichthys->
    
    Asprocottus - Asprocottus->
    
    Astrocottus - Astrocottus->
    
    Atopocottus - Atopocottus->
    
    Bero - Bero->
    
    Bolinia - Bolinia->
    
    Chitonotus - Chitonotus->
    
    Clinocottus - Clinocottus->
    
    Cottinella - Cottinella->
    
    Cottiusculus - Cottiusculus->
    
    Cottocomephorus - Cottocomephorus->
    
    Cyphocottus - Cyphocottus->
    
    Daruma - Daruma->
    
    Furcina - Furcina->
    
    Gymnocanthus - Gymnocanthus->
    
    Mesocottus - Mesocottus->
    
    Icelinus - Icelinus->
    
    Icelus - Icelus->
    
    Leiocottus - Leiocottus->
    
    Leocottus - Leocottus->
    
    Lepidobero - Lepidobero->
    
    Limnocottus - Limnocottus->
    
    Megalocottus - Megalocottus->
    
    Micrenophrys - Micrenophrys->
    
    Microcottus - Microcottus->
    
    Neocottus - Neocottus->
    
    Ocynectes - Ocynectes->
    
    Orthonopias - Orthonopias->
    
    Paracottus - Paracottus->
    
    Phallocottus - Phallocottus->
    
    Phasmatocottus - Phasmatocottus->
    
    Porocottus - Porocottus->
    
    Procottus - Procottus->
    
    Pseudoblennius - Pseudoblennius->
    
    Radulinopsis - Radulinopsis->
    
    Radulinus - Radulinus->
    
    Rastrinus - Rastrinus->
    
    Ricuzenius - Ricuzenius->
    
    Ruscarius - Ruscarius->
    
    Sigmistes - Sigmistes->
    
    Stelgistrum - Stelgistrum->
    
    Stlengis - Stlengis->
    
    Synchirus - Synchirus->
    
    Taurocottus - Taurocottus->
    
    Thyriscus - Thyriscus->
    
    Trachidermus - Trachidermus->
    
    Trichocottus - Trichocottus->
    
    Triglops - Triglops->
    
    Vellitor - Vellitor->
    
    Zesticelus - Zesticelus->
    
    Scorpaenidae - Scorpionfishes->
    
    Sebastidae - Rockfishes, rockcods and thornyhead->
    
    Anarhichadidae - Wolffishes->
    
    Hexagrammidae - Greenlings->
    
    Comephoridae - Baikal oilfishes->
    
    Platycephalidae - Flatheads->
    
    Liparidae - Snailfishes->
    
    Triglidae - Gurnards->
    
    Pholidae - Gunnels->
    
    Cyclopteridae - Lumpfishes->
    
    Zoarcidae - Eelpout->
    
    Stichaeidae - Pricklebacks->
    
    Scorpaenichthyidae - Scorpaenichthyidae->
    
    Abyssocottidae - Deep-water sculpins->
    
    Agonidae - Poachers->
    
    Anoplopomatidae - Sablefishes->
    
    Apistidae - Wasp scorpionfishes->
    
    Aploactinidae - Velvetfishes->
    
    Bathylutichthyidae - Antarctic sculpins->
    
    Bathymasteridae - Ronquils->
    
    Bembridae - Deepwater flatheads->
    
    Caracanthidae - Orbicular velvetfishes->
    
    Congiopodidae - Racehorses or pigfishes->
    
    Cottocomephoridae - Bighead sculpins->
    
    Cryptacanthodidae - Wrymouths->
    
    Ereuniidae - Deepwater bullhead sculpins->
    
    Eschmeyeridae - Cofishes->
    
    Eulophiidae - Spinous fin eelpouts->
    
    Gnathanacanthidae - Red velvetfish->
    
    Hemitripteridae - Sea ravens or sailfin sculpins->
    
    Hoplichthyidae - Ghost flatheads->
    
    Jordaniidae - Longfin sculpins->
    
    Lumpenidae - Eel pricklebacks->
    
    Neosebastidae - Gurnard scorpionfishes->
    
    Neozoarcidae - Largemouth kissing eelpouts->
    
    Normanichthyidae - Barehead scorpionfishes->
    
    Opisthocentridae - Rearspined fin pricklebacks->
    
    Parabembridae - Sprat-like flatheads->
    
    Pataecidae - Australian prowfishes->
    
    Peristediidae - Armored searobins or armored gurnards->
    
    Perryenidae - Whitenose pigfishes->
    
    Plectrogeniidae - Stinger flatheads->
    
    Psychrolutidae - Fatheads->
    
    Ptilichthyidae - Quillfish->
    
    Rhamphocottidae - Grunt sculpins->
    
    Scytalinidae - Graveldivers->
    
    Setarchidae - Deep-sea bristly scorpionfishes->
    
    Synanceiidae - Stonefishes->
    
    Tetrarogidae - Wasp fishes->
    
    Zanclorhynchidae - Horsefishes->
    
    Zaniolepididae - Combfishes->
    
    Zaproridae - Prowfish->
  - Gasterosteiformes - Sticklebacks->
  - Gadiformes - Cods->
  - Anguilliformes - Eels and morays->
  - Clupeiformes - Herrings->
  - Syngnathiformes - Pipefishes and Seahorses->
  - Gobiiformes - Gobies->
  - Mugiliformes - Mullets->
  - Carangiformes - Jacks->
  - Beloniformes - Needlefishes->
  - Labriformes - Wrasses->
  - Scombriformes - Mackerels->
  - Mulliformes - Goatfishes->
  - Pleuronectiformes - Flatfishes->
  - Aulopiformes - Grinners->
  - Blenniiformes - Blennies->
  - Cyprinodontiformes - Toothcarps->
  - Osmeriformes - Smelts->
  - Centrarchiformes - Basses and sunfishes->
  - Cichliformes - Cichlids->
  - Characiformes - Characins->
  - Osteoglossiformes - Bony tongues->
  - Elopiformes - Tarpons and tenpounders->
  - Anabantiformes - Gouramies and snakeheads->
  - Gymnotiformes - South American knifefish->
  - Istiophoriformes - Barracudas->
  - Albuliformes - Bonefishes->
  - Lepidogalaxiiformes - Salamanderfishes->
  - Lophiiformes - Anglerfishes->
  - Spariformes - Breams and porgies->
  - Trachiniformes - Weeverfishes->
  - Moroniformes - Temperate basses->
  - Acanthuriformes - Surgeonfishes->
  - Zeiformes - Dories->
  - Tetraodontiformes - Puffers and filefishes->
  - Holocentriformes - Squirrelfishes->
  - Dactylopteriformes - Flying gurnards->
  - Lampriformes - Lamprids->
  - Galaxiiformes - Southern smelts->
  - Batrachoidiformes - Toadfishes->
  - Hiodontiformes - Mooneyes->
  - Percopsiformes - Trout-perches->
  - Callionymiformes - Dragonets->
  - Atheriniformes - Silversides->
  - Notacanthiformes - Spiny eels->
  - Saccopharyngiformes - Swallowers and Gulpers->
  - Alepocephaliformes - Slickheads and tubeshoulders->
  - Gonorynchiformes - Milkfishes->
  - Argentiniformes - Marine smelts->
  - Stomiiformes - Lightfishes and dragonfishes->
  - Ateleopodiformes - Jellynose fishes->
  - Myctophiformes - Lanternfishes->
  - Stylephoriformes - Tube-eyes->
  - Polymixiiformes - Beardfishes->
  - Beryciformes - Sawbellies->
  - Trachichthyiformes - Rughies->
  - Ophidiiformes - Cusk-eels->
  - Kurtiformes - Nurseryfishes & Cardinalfishes->
  - Synbranchiformes - Swamp eels->
  - Gobiesociformes - Clingfishes->
  - Acropomatiformes - Oceanic basses->
- Cladistii - Bichirs->
- Dipneusti - Lungfishes->
- Chondrostei - Sturgeons->
- Holostei - Gars and Bowfins->
Chondrichthyes - Cartilaginous fishes->
Agnatha - Jawless fishes->

Pacific staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus)Follow

General data

Classification

Description

Catches

Taxonomy of Fishes

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Pacific staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus)
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